Vocabulary+(all)


 * __DNA Vocabulary __ **

**__alleles__ – different forms of a gene** ** __genetics__ – the scientific study of heredity ** **__heredity__ – the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring**
 * __adenine(A)__ -a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA **
 * __backbone__ - the series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis; the spine **
 * __base pairs__ - a pair of complementary bases in a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule, consisting of a purine in one strand linked by **
 * __hydrogen bonds__ - to a pyrimidine in the other. Cytosine always pairs with guanine, and adenine with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA) **
 * __<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">cell division -__ when a cell divides to form new cells **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__chromosome__ - thread like strand found in the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes are made of DNA and contain the instructions for a living thing **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__cytosine (C)__ - a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> __deoxyribose__ – the sugar molecules that make up the sides of a DNA molecule **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__DNA__ - Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about organism and it passed from parent to offspring instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__DNA replication__ - begins when the two sides of the DNA molecule unwind and separate somewhat like sipper unzipping **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">double helix- a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, esp. that in the structure of the DNA molecule **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__gene__ - part of a chromosome. It contains the instructions for a particular feature (ex. eye color) **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__guanine (G)__ - a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__nitrogen bases__ - molecules that contain the element nitrogen and other elements **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__nucleic acids__ - very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__nucleus__ - the control center of a cell containing chromosomes made of DNA **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">RNA- Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins are made **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__thymine (____T____)__ - a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__trait__ - a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__twisted ladder__ - twisted ladder; spiral staircase are what molecules look like **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">__Mitosis, Meiosis and Cell Cycle__ **

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__chromatic__ - Each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__nucleus__ - Nucleus is the brain of the cell.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__DNA__ - Each molecule of DNA consists of two strands coiled around each other to form a double helix, a structure like a spiral ladder. Each rung of the ladder consists of a pair of chemical groups called bases (of which there are four types), which combine in specific pairs so that the sequence on one strand of the double helix is complementary to that on the other. It is the specific sequence of bases that constitutes the genetic information.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__cell division__ - Division of cells.**

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__mitosis__ - A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and king of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__identical__ - Similar in every detail. Equal.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__replication__ - The process of copying something.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__variation__ - The occurrence of an organism in more than one distinct color or form.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__chromosome__ - Each chromosome consists of a DNA double helix bearing a linear sequence of genes, coiled and recoiled around aggregated proteins. Their number varies from species to species: humans have 22 pairs plus the two sex chromosomes (two X chromosomes in females, one X and one Y in males).** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__sex cells__ - Eggs (female) and sperms (male)** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__cell cycle__ – The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> ** __cells produced__ -** ** Cytokinesis – when cytokinesis is complete, two daughter cells have formed. ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__centromere__ – the most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__DNA replication__ – biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__asexual reproduction__ – One parent making offspring** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__sexual reproduction__ – Two parents making offspring** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> ** __growth + repair__ -** ** growing, developing and when injured, it is fixed **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #3366ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__meiosis__ – the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells – sperm and eggs **